Boko haram have carried out many attacks against the military, police and civilians since 2009 mostly in nigeria, but also in cameroon, chad and niger. Boko harams insurgency, but it also identifies gaps in the literature. Boko haram took advantage of a distracted military and attacked the unprotected town of gamboru ngala, reportedly killing up to 300 civilians. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges. Its ideology stems from the concept of haram, or a rejection of western education, social and political systems. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria joseph okwesili nkwede a, emmanuel ogbonna abah b, oliver uchenna nwankwo c a,c department of political science, faculty of social sciences and humanities. In the last month well over 100 people across three states have been killed by suspected nomadic herders, largely from the northern fulani ethnicity and muslim. Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state.
Boko haram bh is one of these insurgent groups that began small and later spread outside the control of their host government. There is no military solution to this insurgency, and the authorities should instead put the emphasis on demobilising militants, solving local conflicts, reinvigorating the economy and restoring public services. One of the most important findings of the thesis is that religion can be a dominate cause of conflict. Boko haram, threat, insurgents, national security, dreaded sect, nigeria. Aug 01, 2017 this is the third of five monthly intelligence briefings on the boko haram insurgency being prepared for the remote control project. Since 2009, around 17,000 people have been killed as the armed. Hence, the aim of this paper is to appraise this insurgency group called boko haram and examine how it affects our national security. However, of most alarming negative impact is the upsurge of violence targeted at the education system presently. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national.
Relations with the islamic world analysis paper no. This paper studies the boko haram and its operations with a. Boko haram boko haram, officially jamaatu ahlis sunna liddaawati waljihad can be translated as people committed to the propagation of the prophets teachings and jihad is a religious sect operating in mostly northeastern regions of nigeria, with recent significant. Jun 02, 2014 the notion that poverty is the main cause of terrorism and insurgency is one of the most contentious ideas in global security studies. It is the most problematic issue that threats economic, political and social development of the country. The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is. The boko haram insurgency in particular cuts across the borders of nigeria to niger. Abstract nigeria witnessed the emergence of boko haram an islamic sect in 2002 and its active insurgency since 2009. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic. Boko harams sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives. The paper aims at investigating the activities of boko haram in nigeria with particular attention on its effects on the socioeconomic development of the country.
The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 7 leadership have recently surfaced. Separated from husbands and sons conscripted or killed by boko haram or arrested by security forces, many women are now fully. The last decade in nigeria has experienced an increase in violent conflicts and criminality, which tended to undermine those expectations. Nigerias struggles with a conflict more dangerous than. The crisis affected six million nigerians, while more than 300,000 people have been displaced. Olaniyan abstract myriad of problems have bedeviled the nigerian education system in the past. Dec 11, 2017 the boko haram insurgency, a jihadist rebel group, is internationally recognized and condemned as a terrorist organization. Women and the boko haram insurgency crisis group africa report n242, 5 december 2016 page ii in government camps where food is scarce and healthcare dismal. One can guess that the nigerian army is numerically better than boko haram, but as we have witnessed since 2009, the battle is still on and the number of internally displaced people is increasing. Pdf boko haram pattern insurgency and expansion of the. The transformation that brought about the differentiation and integration of the boko haram insurgence confirmed what spencer, simmel, khaldum and darwin 1968 1859 in the. Over the last year, the threat of the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria has gradually waned, yet a more deadly and farreaching conflict has emerged. Finally, boko haram and other terrorist groups will always continue to be as long as the government and media fail to mitigate terrorists exploitation of the news cycle.
Boko haram emerged around 2002 as a local islamic group. Boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. In the early years of the conflict, most western governments saw boko haram. Policy to counter nigerias boko haram offers a sober assessment of the security situation in northern nigeria. The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. Six theories of the boko haram insurgency by tony osborg ossai the radical and systematic operation of the boko haram sect has become too sophisticated to be left alone for puerile nigerian. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. Faced with these responsibilities and high rates of unemployment, joining boko haram can offer livelihood opportunities.
October 2012, it was reported that the joint task force jtf, combining. Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria when a. The concept and nature of insurgency always invoke the spirit of terror, evil, and rebellion against a constituted authority by those who want to undermine the efforts of an incumbent regime. Timeline of the boko haram insurgency is the chronology of the boko haram insurgency, an ongoing armed conflict between nigerian islamist group boko haram including their offshoot ansaru and the nigerian government. Consequently, the following facts encompass some of the most crucial details of the boko haram insurgency. Nigerian government and its partners to combat the boko haram insurgency, the group continues to pose a threat and challenge to the government of nigeria and its partners. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. Nation listing entry describes boko haram as an affiliate of alqaeda and also one of the organisations of alqaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim reuters, 2014. The nigerian situation is a sterling example where a certain group called boko haram, has unleashed mayhem that have shocked the very. Those on the left tend to emphasize the connection between violence and the lack of development, while those on the right tend to deny or at least minimize it. A northern agenda for regime change and islamization in nigeria, 2007 20. Overview in less than two decades, boko haram has transformed itself to a force that predominately operated in northern nigeria to a group that has terrorised, caused devastation and a humanitarian crisis in the lake chad basin, i.
The paper also considers the effectiveness of the steps taken by the nigerian government to secure childrens right to education in line with its obligations under international law, in the context of the insurgency. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers. Six theories of the boko haram insurgency by tony osborg. In reality, whatever boko haram did or claimed to do is contrary to islamic teaching of prophet muhammad peace and blessing be upon him. Mother and child in an internally displaced peoples camp yola, adamawa state. Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria joseph okwesili nkwede a, emmanuel ogbonna abah b, oliver uchenna nwankwo c a,c department of political science, faculty of social sciences and humanities, ebonyi. Over the past five years, a wide ambit of narratives has been proffered on the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria, particularly, its causes and possible solutions. Fraught with logistic and security concerns journalists have struggled to report on boko harams insurgency in northern nigeria. This paper will examine governance and its effects that led to the emergence of boko haram insurgents in nigeria. The boko haram insurgency, a jihadist rebel group, is internationally recognized and condemned as a terrorist organization. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency.
Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in. The media and boko haram insurgency in nigeria a content. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. Following the boko haram s founder mohammed yusufs extrajudicially execution in 2009, its members who survived went underground and a year later, in september 2010, the group reemerged under the current leader abubakar shekau with a new. How nigeria can overcome boko haram insurgency researchers july 2, 2017 idris ibrahim file photo. A critical examination of the origin, forms and dimensions becomes sacrosanct. Pdf prolongation of boko haram insurgency in nigeria. About 57% of all schools in borno state were closed due to the boko haram insurgency, affecting the education of about 3 million children.
The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. Ladanbaki nigerian turkish nile university, abuja, nigeria abstract one of the greatest challenges facing the nigerian state is known to be the issue of insurgency predominantly in the north eastern part of the country. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. Insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. Nigerian state, national security, insurgency, boko haram. However the group members call themselves jamaah alahlu alsunnah li aldawah wa aljihad. The paper ventured into panoramic view of boko haram insurgency and its manifestations in nigeria. Media, terrorism, boko haram, insurgency, reporting introduction around the globe, insurgency has sadly become one of the defining features of our society today. The attacks this year have been incessant and brutal. Evolutionary perspective boko haram eventually waxed stronger and metamorphosed into the complicated phenomenon it is today.
The security situation in the region has deteriorated, and the territorial integrity of nigeria is being undermined. Boko haram insurgency, youth mobility and better life in the far. Civilianled governance and security in nigeria after boko haram. Today, bh has expanded its operational reach outside of nigeria and inside the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. Pdf boko haram insurgency has constituted a nagging predicament to the nigerian. Africa command officials have suggested that boko haram has elements that aspire to a broader level of attacksnot just in africa, but also in europe and potentially in the united states. Beyond counterinsurgency crisis group africa report n245, 27 february 2017 page ii on the shores of lake chad, in the extr eme east of diffa region, boko harams presence has aggravated interc ommunal tensions, which have degenerated into deadly conflicts since may 2016. Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. I argue that one of the main causes of boko harams insurgency is the political competition over various issues between nigerian islamic organizations. Already, at the level of group membership the motivations for joining are as diverse as the. This is the third of five monthly intelligence briefings on the boko haram insurgency being prepared for the remote control project. The struggle against boko haram in southeastern niger is increasingly sharpening local conflicts over access to resources. Boko haram insurgency the organization for world peace.
It destroyed hundreds of schools and government buildings, and devastated an already ravaged economy in the north. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. Governor kashim shettima of borno state on monday released the grim statistics of deaths and material losses suffered by the state due to the boko. May 03, 2017 this is the first of five monthly intelligence briefings on the boko haram insurgency being prepared for the remote control project. It is driven by a mix of historical, political, economic, and ethnic antagonisms.
Boko haram relied on female violence and the islamic state did not, the discrepancy lay in the importance of the state project and symbolic male violence to the islamic state, versus the absence of a similarly coherent governance project for boko haram. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Frequently asked questions congressional research service summary boko haram, a violent nigerian islamist movement, has grown increasingly active and deadly in its attacks against state and civilian targets in recent years, drawing on a narrative of victimization. Therefore, this study aims to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security system. The series will finish with an indepth briefing on the international and regional coalitions against boko haram and the special forces, drones and other remote warfare assets being deployed against the militant group. The return to democracy in nigeria in may, 1999 brought hopes of development and political stability to nigeria. Boko haram insurgency and national security in nigeria. This is the first of five monthly intelligence briefings on the boko haram insurgency being prepared for the remote control project.
According to a september 20 house of representatives homeland security committee report, the aqim boko haram collaboration is a mature relationship that allows boko haram an avenue to advance its capability, and. Boko haram has used niger, chad, and cameroon to hide, train, plan, recruit, and transit, historically focusing attacks on nigeria to avoid crackdowns in countries where it has safe havens. Most of these narratives conflict and thus, compete with one another. Boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria when a. Start has compiled the following background information on the history and networking relationships of boko haram, and updated data from a previous background report on the group. In fact, boko haram, whose official name is jamaatu ahlus sunna liddaawati wal. Governance which is about providing services to the populace but in nigeria the. Aug 01, 2015 one can guess that the nigerian army is numerically better than boko haram, but as we have witnessed since 2009, the battle is still on and the number of internally displaced people is increasing. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught.
The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. The foreigners who came to invest were not spared as well and properties worth billions of naira have been destroyed. The notion that poverty is the main cause of terrorism and insurgency is one of the most contentious ideas in global security studies. Aug 16, 2015 fraught with logistic and security concerns journalists have struggled to report on boko haram s insurgency in northern nigeria. The word boko haram means western education is forbidden.
307 1261 789 707 1424 916 764 330 695 455 13 267 1321 1409 588 1113 1426 42 544 608 715 1513 714 102 539 63 775 31 1336 396 1147 522 1152 443 50 505 1426 123